Explain the Role of Price in Strategic Marketing Management and Practice - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1998 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Question 3.5Explain the role of price in strategic marketing management and practice In many companies, the role of price in the marketing of strategic marketing management centre marketing strategies at some companies, on the other hand, plays an important role in many businesses , are not specific . The impact of the global recession and the economy of developed countries , while most companies focus on marketing strategies at the end of 2000 and beginning of 2010 the price down based on their work schedule . Previously, companies, product quality, delivery and product design strategy based on the method used. But now the days of product quality and distribution channels, types of facilities, end users of the service, members of the value chain and the value of the work is to determine a range of possible help. An organization set up new distribution channels and intermediaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s selection can be driven by pricing strategy. As companies he firs t played the role completely different price, which creates a new set of models for their marketing strategies. Companies during the period of the recession than they cost to ignore. Its shareholders will not be able to find in your favour Pricing Strategies: Pricing strategy for any company or organisation must be monitored continuously because of following reasons: a) Changing external conditions b) Competitors actions c) Opportunity to gain competitive advantage on the basis of price change. Strategy for existing products in the market value increase or decrease in value may include the cost or value that can hold . Competitors pricing strategy , market positioning , product demand and product quality by analyzing customers looked , the companies changed its pricing strategy . Strong impacts on demand and cost information, price strategies . Some companies Apple the competitive edge of their products are unique and made ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÆ'à ‚ ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹it more difficult to replace . Price to communicate with buyers directly and provide a comparison between different brands such as basic price , works as a signal to buyers . Marks head competition with the best quality and prices are changing very rarely . For example : In the late 2000s , Hewlett-Packard, Southwest Airlines , and all companies like FedEx , hiring additional salespeople to reduce the signal level of service to customers as competitors cut promotions , and enter new markets as the aggressive pricing strategy (as well ) , to take business away from competitors . The first companies to launch new products to market analysis of its effects on the financial performance of the company . Pricing and marketing strategies to improve the financial performance of companies helps . These days , some companies only hold its market share because of their pricing strategies . Based on the price they directly compete with its rivals . F or example : Pakn Save millions of dollars of business strategies based on their price with its competitors compete directly . The importance of the market value : The price of any direct impact on the companys revenues , so companies know more about their pricing strategies . Furthermore, these days companies means any product of the highest quality high price , which is the most important fact about the mindset of the buyer to know . No company in its best quality product without having to increase its prices . Every company and its products are some of the strategies under different pricing strategy as follows: a)Skimming Strategy: In this strategy company sets relatively high price for its product during the initial stage of Productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s life. Objectives of Skimming Strategy: *Target those customers who are not conscious or worried about the price and the demand is on its highest peak also competition not yet entered into the market. *One more ob jective behind this is to cover maximum share of RD(research and Development) cost of that product by gaining maximum margin from the product sale. b)Penetration Strategy: In this strategy company sets relatively low price during the initial stage of Productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s life. Objectives of Penetration Strategy: *Discourage competition from entering the market by acquiring most of the market share. In this the margin volume is less but the sales volume is way too high. c)Flexible Pricing: In this strategy company charges different prices to different customers for the same product and quantity. Objectives of Flexible Pricing: *It depends upon willingness of customers to pay for the product and it also depends on the competition on different areas. d)One Price: In this strategy company charging the same price to all its customers for same quantity of the product during the initial stage of productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s life. Objectives of One Price: *The main objective of this strategy is to simplify pricing decisions and make good will among its customers. e)Reduce the price: In this strategy company reduce its prices according to gain profit with increase in competition. Objectives of Reduce Price Strategy: *The main objective of this strategy is either to stay in competition or to beat competitors. Question 4 c)Flexible Pricing: In this strategy company charges different prices to different customers for the same product and quantity. Objectives of Flexible Pricing: *It depends upon willingness of customers to pay for the product and it also depends on the competition on different areas. d)One Price: In this strategy company charging the same price to all its customers for same quantity of the product during the initial stage of productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s life. Objectives of One Price: *The main objective of this strategy is to simplify pricing decisions and make good will among its customers. e) Reduce the price: In this strategy company reduce its prices according to gain profit with increase in competition. Objectives of Reduce Price Strategy: *The main objective of this strategy is either to stay in competition or to beat competitors. Organisational structure issues facing Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s-SPARK It has been suggested in the past that Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s-SPARK could use either a centralised organisational structure or a decentralised organisational structure to better assist its marketing and growth. Provide a model of each structure and describe their advantages and disadvantages in respect to Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s-SPARK as a company. Make a recommendation as to which of the structures Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s-SPARK should develop giving reasons. We are a spread out company with many involving many functions as set out in the synopsis. Provide at least four strategies Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s-SPARK Electrical Suppliers could work on to improve cross- functional working and co-operation within the company to develop better strategic marketing and growth. Marketing issues facing Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s-SPARK Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s-SPARK realises that marketing is probably the most important expenditure for our business. Marketing has had its challenges for us. We need to know how to overcome these challenges for our business to succeed. Going forward our aim is to become the number One supplier of electrical services to national organisations and construction projects within New Zealand. Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s-SPARK is currently considering moving into both niche marketing and Entrepreneurial marketing. To assist us to evaluate these two methods of marketing, provide information. Clarify each marketing strategy approach as it would relate to Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s-SPARK The marketing strategy approach relate to Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s-SPARK are: a) Competition: In this step the company can understand that how they can beat the competitors by make them irrelevant. This can be possible by tapping those opportunities which are not tapped by competitors yet. There are two types of competitors; Direct competition: In this two or more companies fights on similar kind of products. The simple and effective way to win this type of competition is by simply differentiating your products from others. This is also known as Reference Competition. Indirect Competition: In this type of competition, two or more companies compete for the same budget. Company can win this kind of competition by fighting for product supremacy. This is also known as Economic Competition. If your competitive profile does not offer enough differentiationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ which is increasingly important the more mature your market becomesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ use the ERRC framework to systematically review your options for improving your competitive profile. The ERRC framework is another concept taken from Kim and Mauborgneà ƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Blue Ocean Strategy. ERRC Stands for: E= Erase R= Reduce R= Raise C= Create b) Partnership: Alliance and partnership are two most common and effective strategic tools which are used in global market. They can ensure that your product is appealing to your target market. In other words, use partnerships to complement your offering as part of your whole product strategy. Two key motives should drive the creation of your partnerships: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ achieving market leadership by creating whole product solutions as quickly as possible à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ achieving and sustaining market leadership by differentiating your product or service Partnerships should be based almost exclusively on these criteria. The goal is to significantly increase your time-to-market advantage. The partnering approach is based on the maturity of product category. Consider following objective when choosing partner: *Choose the partner who reduce the risk of tec hnology will be implemented not correctly in the customers place. Not only would such an event create a negative experience with your product, it could cause a major disruption to the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s operations and significantly harm their business. For Example: If letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s-spark alliance with any Australian Light fitting company in Australia to expand its business then they have to make sure that work of their partners will not harm their market value or product value. *As they are entering into new market, so they have no recognition, no brand name and have very low credibility. Partners with established identities will validate you in the eyes of your customers. c) Distribution: A smart distribution strategy is necessary for success, and it can be a source of competitive advantage. It is important to find a distribution channel that makes it convenient for the buyer to purchase and consume your product. Amazon and Dell are examples of companies that have been successful largely because of the way their products are distributed. Distribution is one of the four mail elements of the Marketing Mix. d) Pricing: The last and the most important marketing approach is pricing. Pricing is also one of the elements of Marketing Mix and it is the only one who generate revenue for the company. Any significant change in price will affect on the viability of business. A well planned price strategy should accomplish these goals: *achieve profitability for the company *customers must be willing and able to pay the price you set. Clarify each marketing strategyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s benefits to Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s-SPARK The benefits of these strategies to Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s-SPARK are: 1) It helps the organisation to establish itself in the new market. 2) To compete with the competitors more effectively. 3) To gain maximum market share. 4) It gives a proper plan to the company to earn more. 5) It gives the direction to the company. 6) Identifies needs and wants of consumers 7) Identifies new product areas. 8) Allows for test to see if strategies are giving the desired results. 9) Aids in design of products that fulfil consumers needs 10) Determines demand for product Clarify the requirements for Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s-SPARK to build and sustain growth through each of the strategies For the sustain growth for any organisation following requirements is must: All the strategies must be explained to each and every employee of the company. Chosen partners must have reputation in the market. Chosen partners products and services not affect on your products. Must have the team of market analyst who can predict or understand competitorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strategies. Must have affective strategies for those products who are in decline phase of life cycle. Analysts must have knowledge that when to decrease or increase the price of a product Distributio n channel is well organised. The staff must be well trained and motivated. Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s-SPARK needs to find new ways of competing in the market. We are aware the basis of competition in many markets is changing rapidly and the real winners in the future will be those who adapt to the changes best. Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s-SPARK would ask you to make a recommendation as to at least four strategies we could use as a way of sharpening our competing activity in the market place. Don’t waste time! 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Developing Efficient Framework For Social Security Data...

Developing Efficient framework for social Security Data Mining Methodology Ms.Pranjali Barde Ms.Minal Bobade UG Scholar, JCOET UG Scholar, JCOET Yavatmal, India Yavatmal, India prajubarde@gmail.com minal02bobade@gmail.com Ms.Rani K. Kakde Ms.Vaishali V Rathod UG Scholar, JCOET UG Scholar, JCOET Yavatmal, India Yavatmal, India ranikakade87@gmail.com vaishalirathod155@gmail.com Abstract— The importance of security for social sites is incredibly important currently days. Typical welfare countries, like Australia have accumulated an outsized quantity of social insurance and social welfare knowledge. social insurance data processing is predicated on connected references from past history on large info of social sites. This includes SSDM framework and problems social insurance challenges goals in mining the social insurance or welfare knowledge. in this antecedently work done on techniques for social insurance data processing. 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The United States Constitution is a living Document Free Essays

The Constitution of The United States is a living document. I believe it is because we can amend it. We have amended it 27 times. We will write a custom essay sample on The United States Constitution is a living Document or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first 10 amendments are known as our Bill of Rights, which are our basic rights as American citizens. This document started with no amendments, but our government has added them when the document needs to grow with society. The United States Constitution has been the Law of the Land since 1788 when it was adopted. In the Preamble of the constitution it states why it was written. These reasons include, to form a more perfect nion, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility. Since it has been in effect for over 200 years and has stood the test of time other countries have used our Constitution to base their countries constitutions on. I believe the truly genius thing about the constitution is the way it was written. Several phrases are written very loosely, and this has allowed us to make changes or amend it. That is why it is called a â€Å"living document†, because like a living changing person, this document can also live and change. Over 200 years ago when this document was written, the framers could never have predicted what changes their future society would have. So by leaving phrases unclear it left this document open to interpretation. We are now able to reinterpret it and amend it if need be through the Supreme Court and House of Representatives. In the summer of 1787 when The Constitutional Convention was being conducted, these men would never know how in the future we would need to ensure that homosexuals would in the future be left out of constitutional rights. Morally they would never be able to justify this concept. But today it is a very controversial issue. Homosexuals are not allowed in most states to marry. They will argue that it is unconstitutional, and that the 14th Amendment states that any person who is a U. S. citizen should not be deprived life, liberty, or property, and all citizens should have equal rights and equal protection of the law. The blacks went through this, they had to fight to be treated as equals and just like them the homosexuals of America are now taking their turn in reinterpreting this mendment . To deny them of their constitutional right is not what our Founding Fathers would have wanted. Another issue that is very controversial right now is gun control in The U. S. Some interpret the 2nd amendment states that all Americans have the right to own guns, and this should not be infringed. Others interpret this as meaning that the only people that should be able to own guns are the military to protect our country . This is a huge topic in America right now because of many violent acts that have happened with guns. Due to these violent acts, we as Americans should consider there are some flaws in controlling who can own a gun. Our President Barack Obama and his administration wish to fix loopholes in the required background checks for buying and owning a firearm. In doing so they hope that guns will not fall into the hands of anyone who has a criminal history, or has a mental illness. They also wish to ban military style assault weapons for civilians. Basically the debate on either side of these issues proves that The United States Constitution is in fact a living document. To state that it is a dead document is to imply that we should abandon this document. That idea in itself is treasonous. To abandon this document would cause a huge uproar in our country, and delete so many vital parts of American history. Since we can obviously add to this document and make changes to it we need to continue doing exactly what we are doing. Before we had this document our country was in complete disunion between states, and our government was very weak. Our country did not run well without this document, and it wouldn’t if we decided to consider it a dead ocument. Americans have lived with this document being the law of our land, and have grown used to the way things are. If we can make what has worked in the past continue to work then why change that. In any event we as society look to the Constitution to tell us what our founding fathers wanted this country to be. This document is what America was built on and will continue to grow on. And that is why after over 200 years The United Sates Constitution is still a living document that we should never wish to abandon. Work Cited by : http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/news/050801a.aspx http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/anson-kaye/2013/04/25/the-rights-constitutional-hypocrisy-on-the-2nd-and-4th-amendments http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-250_162-57576700/obama-same-sex-marriage-constitutional-but-an-issue-for-the-states/ How to cite The United States Constitution is a living Document, Papers

Debut Albums and Grendel free essay sample

Arles, the Ham Describe Grenades mother and his relationships with her Greened mother Is an ugly, smelly beast who Greened resents and yet loves In a dependent, childish way. She cannot speak; she tries to communicate with his son by caressing and holding him. And at times she would go too far and suffocated him. She helpless at times she has to wait for him to bring her food, but when Greened needs her, he cries like baby, and usually she saves him. She is also fierce and terrifying.Greened sets himself apart from his mother according to him she does not hind coherently. He believes he above her. He thinks of her as a fool. Life-bloated, baffled, long-suffering, hag. Guilty, she Imagines, of some unremembered, perhaps ancestral crime. Chapter 2 Taurus, the Bull Explain what Greened mean when says, l create the whole universe, blink by blink. When Greened says, I create the whole universe, blink by blink he means that he Is the only one who exist In the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Debut Albums and Grendel or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That everything changes according to the way he see things and no one else.Greened is starting to be aware of the fact that he does to need the rest of the world but himself to survive. When he was hanging on the tree no one helped not even his own mother; thats when he says, l understood that, finally and absolutely, I alone exist. Through his mother did safe him deep down inside he alone and wishes he wasnt alone. Chapter 3 Gemini, the Twins Why is Greened so impressed and affected by the shaper? Why does he fear Shaper Greened is so impressed by the shaper because his words are poetic. They have the ability to change persuade.Greened knows the truth yet when he hears the shapers ales, he questions his very own perception of the truth. The shaper changes dry sticks to gold. He knows that the shaper Is lying, but his stories are addictive. Greened knows that Hoarders men are aware of the truth, but choose to believe the shaper Instead. He fears her because he grows confused and panicky. Sharper Is getting to him he still finds their power incredibly seductive, and he in turn wishes he had something greater to strive for and believe in. Debut Albums and Greened By Johanna Chapter 1 Aries, the HamGreened mother is an ugly, smelly beast who Greened resents and yet loves in a baffled, long-suffering, hag. Guilty, she imagines, of some unremembered, perhaps When Greened says, l create the whole universe, blink by blink he means that he is the only one who exist in the world. That everything changes according to the way he inside he alone and wishes he wasnt alone. Sticks to gold. He knows that the shaper is lying, but his stories are addictive. Shaper instead. He fears her because he grows confused and panicky.

Leave it Empty Existence of God and Evil

Many philosophers and atheists believe that a loving God should not let His children suffer. Explaining the logical problem of evil, Horner states that evil and good cannot coexist. For that reason, if God exists, then, there is no evil. Likewise, if evil exists, then, God is a fairytale.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leave it Empty: Existence of God and Evil specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Existence of evil is, therefore, the main opposition to God’s existence (Horner). Theologians, on the other hand, maintain that God allows evil as a way of strengthening people’s faith in Him. However, the same people uphold that God is a loving father. As a result, God protects His people from evil and suffering. Therefore, theological doctrines are sometimes inconsistent with each other. This essay tries to find out whether there is a logical contradiction between the existence of God and evil. There is a co ntradiction between the existence of an all-powerful God and the existence of evil (Mackie). God is supposed to be omnipotent or unstoppable. Therefore, what God can do has no limits. In addition, people should not suffer from all manners of evil in the presence of an all-powerful God. Some logical rules connect evil and omnipotence (Mackie). Horney adds that good cannot exist in the presence of evil. Therefore, a loving God must completely eliminate evil. For that reason, the notion that evil and an omnipotent God coexist is debatable. A logical explanation to the coexistence of good and evil can only be given if God’s power has a limit. As a result, some scholars have opted to restrict the meaning of omnipotence when referring to God. Amazingly, these scholars are known to record a list of some of the things an omnipotent God cannot do (Mackie). Furthermore, the problem of evil can either be emotional or intellectual (Horner). The intellectual problem explains the relations between Evil and an omnipotent God based on the reasons. This problem is further divided into logical and probabilistic problems (Horner). The logical problem maintains that evil and God cannot coexist. According to the emotional problem, people question God’s existence when faced with hardships. These people fail to understand why a loving and an all-powerful God can allow such evils to befall them. Therefore, in some cases, the objection to God’s existence is merely emotional. However, it is not necessary for God to eliminate all evils (Horner). In some cases, doing away with an evil may bring about a greater evil or get rid of a good that outweighs it (Horner). For instance, God cannot sterilize females to eliminate pain experienced during the birth of children. If God was to control the actions of all people, then, no one would be free. Likewise, all people would behave and act in the same manner. God created free people with a mind that is able to differentiate b etween good and evil. It is, therefore, widely expected that people will commit evil because God has given them an independent mind. People commit evil out of their own freewill. This evil is what philosophers call moral evil (Guthrie). Additionally, God uses natural evil to increase the amount of good on the Earth (Guthrie). For instance, earthquakes have killed many people.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Amazingly, the same earthquakes prevent continents from eroding into oceans since they are necessary in plate tectonics (Guthrie). In addition, death is a natural way of controlling global population. Without death, resources on the Earth surface will not be enough to sustain its population (Guthrie). Religious leaders also argue that suffering, which is a form of evil, is one of the ways through which God manifests Himself to his people. Through suffering, God’s children a re able to strengthen their faith in him. However, some scholars maintain that evil is an illusion (Mackie). For that reason, what we refer to as evil is a state of mind. Citing one of the Popes, Mackie states that universal good is one of the end products of partial evil. Therefore, evil complements good. Social harmony is, thus, brought about by disorder in the society. Accordingly, disorder is harmony that people are yet to understand (Mackie). Existence of evil has elicited the discussion as to whether God really exists. It is fallacious to say that good cannot exist without evil (Mackie). Such statements limit the powers of an omnipotent God. In addition, these statements imply that God cannot create good without creating evil. An omnipotent God can do anything. However, misfortunes such as sickness and death cast doubts on the existence of God. There is no logical explanation on why an omnipotent God can allow evil to dominate the Earth. Theologians argue that God has enough r easons for permitting evil. However, atheists and some philosophers argue that theologians believe what they can barely prove. For that reason, what theologians propose cannot be solved scientifically. This means that their reasoning cannot be supported by further experiments, decisions or actions (Mackie). Since all sides maintain their stand, the debate on the contradiction between the existence of God and evil is far from over. Works Cited Guthrie, Shandon. Assessing the Problem of Evil and the Existence of God. n. d. Web.. Horner, Michael. Do Evil and Suffering Disprove the Existence of God? n. d. Web. https://thelife.com/disprove-the-existence-of-god. Mackie, John Leslie. â€Å"Evil and Omnipotence.† Mind, New Series. 64. 254 (1955): 200-212. Web..Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leave it Empty: Existence of God and Evil specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Leave it Empty: Existence of God and Evil was written and submitted by user Benjamin S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

What Should Be Included in a Recommendation Letter

What Should Be Included in a Recommendation Letter Before we get into what should be included in a recommendation letter, lets explore different types of recommendation letters and take a look at who writes them, who reads them, and why theyre important.   Definition A recommendation letter is a type of letter that describes the qualifications, achievements, character, or capabilities of an individual. Recommendation letters are also known as: Letters of recommendationReference lettersJob referencesAcademic referencesCharacter referencesLetters of reference Who Writes Them People who write recommendation letters typically do so at the request of an individual who is applying for a job or a space in an academic program (like a college of business school degree program). Recommendation letters may also be written as character evidence for legal trials or other situations requiring investigation or assessment of a persons character. Who Reads Them People who read recommendation letters do so in hopes of learning more about the individual in question. For example, an employer may ask for a recommendation to learn more about a job applicants work ethic, social aptitude, past work responsibilities, and professional skills or achievements. Business school admissions committees, on the other hand, may read business school recommendations to assess a program applicants leadership potential, academic capability, work experience, or creative abilities. What Should Be Included There are three things that should be included in every recommendation letter: A paragraph or sentence explaining how you know the person you are writing about and the nature of your relationship with them.An honest evaluation of the persons characteristics, skills, capabilities, ethics, or accomplishments, preferably with specific examples.A statement or summary that explains why you would recommend the person you are writing about. 1. Nature of the Relationship The relationship of the letter writer and the person being recommended is important. Remember, the letter is meant to be an evaluation, so if the writer is not familiar with the person that they are writing about, they cant offer an honest or thorough evaluation. At the same time, the recommender shouldnt be  too  close or familiar with the person being recommended.  For example, mothers should not write job or academic recommendations for their children because mothers are essentially obligated to say nice things about their children. A simple sentence describing the relationship is a good way to start the letter. Lets look at a few examples: I have worked as Jans direct supervisor for the last five years.Eddie was in my AP English class last year.I was Jamals debate coach for three years.I met Amy three years ago at the community food bank where we both volunteer.   2. The Evaluation/Assessment The bulk of the recommendation letter should be an evaluation or assessment of the person you are recommending. The exact focus will depend on the purpose of the letter. For example, if you are writing about someones leadership experience, you should focus on their role as a leader, their leadership capability, and their achievements as a leader. If, on the other hand, you are writing about someones academic potential, you might want to offer examples of that persons academic achievements or examples that demonstrate their potential and passion for learning. The person who needs the recommendation can help direct content by explaining exactly what they need the recommendation for and what aspect of themselves or their experience should be evaluated. If you are the letter writer, make sure this purpose is clear to you before you begin writing the letter. If you are the person who needs a recommendation, consider writing up a short, bulleted list that explains why you need the recommendation and the subject of the assessment. 3. The Summary The end of a recommendation letter should summarize the reason why this particular individual is being recommended for a specific job or academic program. Keep the statement simple and direct. Rely on the earlier content in the letter and identify or summarize the reason why the individual is a good fit.

Church of Scientology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Church of Scientology - Essay Example The Church of Scientology International was established by L. Ron Hubbard in 1954. Groups connected with Scientology consist of Applied Scholastics, Association for Better Living and Education (ABLE), Citizens Commission on Human Rights, Concerned Businessmen of America, Hubbard Dianetics Centers, Narconon or Criminon, Religious Technology Center, Sterling Management Systems and The Way to Happiness Foundation. Issuing ventures include New Era Publications, Bridge Publications, Inc. and Freedom magazine. The Church of Scientology developed from the inspired mastermind of Lafayette Ronald Hubbard. He was born in 1911 and he spent a lot of his childhood on his grandfather's Montana farm while his parents served overseas in the U.S. Navy. Throughout the 1920's, Hubbard began to visit his parents in Asia, where he gained knowledge about Taoism, Buddhism and other eastern beliefs. Hubbard afterward developed a profession as a science fiction writer and declared to have traveled all around the world. He supposedly received near deadly injuries in World War II and developed his distinctive hypothesis of science and philosophy while curing. These findings were later exposed to the public in his book, Dianetics. In 1954, Hubbard constructed the Church of Scientology to support his thoughts and techniques as a religious group. His books and church reached globally, while Hubbard became an enigmatic recluse. He died in 1986, after spending the majority of his last years wandering around silently on his ship. (Jacob, 2003). The Sea Organization frequently known as Sea Org was established in 1967 by L. Ron Hubbard. Orgs, for example "Los Angeles Org", are semi-autonomous unions which staff themselves as they see fit. The Sea Org is a more devoted, more influential group inside Scientology which completely staffs the superior Orgs. The Advanced Organization of Los Angeles, for example, is teamed up by Sea Org members. Even as every Org implements rules and manages penalizing dealings in its own area of the bigger organization which is the CoS, Sea Org members grasp the uppermost jobs. The Sea Org is often characterized as the leaders of Scientology, equally in terms of control in the organization and devotion to the cause. Scientologists seeking to move forward within the organization are encouraged to unite the Sea Org, which occupies dedicating their full time to Scientology missions in exchange for meals, berthing and a so-called honorarium. Members sign a contract pledging their faithfulness to Scien tology for the next billion years, consigning their future life span to the Sea Org. The Sea Org's motto is the Revenimus. (William Sims Bainbridge, 1980). However, the Church of Scientology teaches that mankind is everlasting and celestial. Man is cool, calm and collected to three extents including soul or "thetan", mind "an accumulation of all experiences in multiple lives" and body "the temporary and physical dimension". God is an indistinct perception. Scientology describes the Supreme Being with phrases such as infinity and the all ness of all. Engrams are the unaware mental metaphors that we record in our imprudent mind that have negative causes on our present and future lives. They are studied from our past lives, prenatal incidents, early infancy and stop us from recognizing our godly nature plus experiencing a

Sony Playstation Security Breach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sony Playstation Security Breach - Essay Example Only a single vulnerability is needed for hackers to exploit and put an entire database at risk. In order to avoid such vulnerabilities, database developers and application developers must dance to the same tune. Sony’s data center in San Diego, CA was hacked into on April 19, 2011. The hackers had gained access of customers’ data through Sony’s PlayStation Network servers. This attack on Sony is said to be the largest personal data heist in history with reports estimating that around 77 million Qriocity and PSN users’ accounts and 24.5 million Sony Online Entertainment user accounts were affected. (Better Business Bureau, 2011). Strange activities had been detected by Sony Corporation on their network system. They noticed unauthorized access of the company’s servers. A day after the attack, Sony decided to power down the affected systems and delayed restoration of the PSN services for users in the U.S until May 14. Users were later on required to change their usernames and passwords as an additional way of curbing further attacks. Since the attackers had exploited Sony’s website via its URL, they were thus forced to disable the page temporarily because attackers exploited the URL of Sony’s website (The Sydney Morning Herald, 2011). Unfortunately, this was not the last attack. A series of attacks on Sony’s Online Entertainment services and the PSN were later on executed during the same period. These attacks were carried out on; Sony BMG Greece, Sony BMG Japan, So-Net ISP in Japan, and servers of Sony in Thailand (McMillan, 2011). It was estimated that the personal information of 77 million Qriocity and PSN users, and 24.5 million online entertainment users was stolen. The attackers rummaged through a wealth of information concerning the users and their attributes such as names of users, their addresses, email addresses, and birth dates. Attackers also approached the login information of users such as

Degrowth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Degrowth - Essay Example They believe that human dependence on non renewable sources is way too high right now which will eventually lead humanity to a dead end. They promote sustainable development, use of renewable source of energy and reduce our ecological imprint on Mother Nature. They are also against neocolonialism which leads to exploitation of third world countries by developed countries. Why degrowth? Whats wrong in growth? The meaning of growth in today’s capitalist world mean grow more, produce more, sell more and use more, all in order to make more money which is termed as growth. Countries also do bother about human development index (HDI) but are almost always sidelined when it comes to the focus on GDP and growth. This growth is only increasing the pace of life, and as the Indian revolutionary M K Gandhi said ‘there is more to life than just increasing its speed’ is so relevant now. It seems a simple idea of people working hard, earning money and spending on a good life sty le. Companies keep on developing new products for those people to better their life style. People work to earn to buy products which are developed by companies where people work. It’s a catch 22 position and an endless cycle. ... This growth if continued at current rate will exhaust the fossil fuels on the basis of which is thriving so fast. You thought Economic growth is solutions of problems? Is it the problem? Any sane person shall say that solutions to issues like starvation, housing, education, poverty, disease, health care and employment is economic growth. Countries who have achieved economic growth are called developed country and live a comfortable life, those who are struggling are called developing countries. Economic growth in western countries had lead to larger spending powers and hence larger consumption of products. Larger demand for these products leads to mass production of them in third world countries as labor and capital is cheap there. This leads to exploitation of developing countries and creates a divide between rich and poor in the society. Rich becomes richer, poor becomes poorer. Fossil fuels are fast depleting, there are wars between countries for crude oil and nuclear power. Hence fast economic growth in past few decades have increased the speed of the world so much, that growth itself has become the problem and rest of the real issues of education, poverty and food are side tracked. â€Å"Questioning growth is deemed to be the act of lunatics, idealists and revolutionaries. But question it we must. The myth of growth has failed us. It has failed the two billion people who still live on less than $2 a day. It has failed the fragile ecological systems on which we depend for survival. It has failed, spectacularly, in its own terms, to provide economic stability and secure people’s livelihoods.† as correctly said by Tim Jackson, Economies commissioner of the sustainable development commission, an independent advisory body to the

Definitions Of Crime: Social And Ideological Constructs

Definitions Of Crime: Social And Ideological Constructs The social construct of crime is extremely significant within the victimised actor model that purposes that criminal behaviour only manifests because those with power and authority define certain activities, typically those engaged in by the poor and powerless as criminal, while those of the powerful are ignored (Burke, 2009 p. 349). Dorling et al. (2008, p. 7) states that crime has no ontological reality; but is a myth of everyday life. This construction can be enlightened by considering what is included and excluded. Mars (1982) states that hard words such as crime, theft and offence are different from softer words such as fiddle or perk, which are often used to describe criminal activities in the workplace (cited in Burke, 2009). Furthermore, in the context of safety crimes, in Britain over one million workplace injuries are recorded every year; but due to the restriction to the term crimes approximately only one thousand are prosecuted health and safety offences (Dorling et al., 2008). Tombs (2000) claims that such differences have implications in terms of what can be done with such data conceptually, theoretically and politically (cited in Dorling et al., 2008). This is an insight towards the different crimes that are committed, yet some of these criminal activities are completely excluded from the social construct of crime (Croall, 1998; Burke, 2009). Crime as social and ideological constructs can be applied to other areas in society including gender and age. Livingstone (2001) argues that the media make a significant contribution to the social construction of crime (cited in Reiner, 2007), and crime in general is usually associated with particular groups such as young men or the unemployed, which is reflected in the media and portrays what constitutes the crime problem (Burke, 2009). Muncie (2003) argues that this stereotype against certain groups means they receive little attention as victims (cited in Walklate, 2007). As a result policies are introduced to tackle crimes such as burglary or street crime but environmental crimes such as pollution, corporate crimes and major frauds are overlooked (Burke, 2009). The vast majority of criminological research has been conducted on lower socio-economic groups and their activities (Burke, 2009). However, white collar, business or corporate crime continues to be neglected and under-resea rched by criminologists (Burke, 2009). For example the previous and third edition of The Oxford Handbook of Criminology contains no discussion that crime has no ontological reality, nor does it establish how the criminal law fails to apprehend the more damaging and extensive forms of harm (Dorling et al., 2008). Another point which can constitute the social construct of criminal behaviour is homicide. Pfohl (1985) illustrates how some types of killing are categorized as homicide while others are not (cited in Lilly, Cullen Ball, 2007). Pfohl states that what differs is not the behaviour but the reactions to that behaviour. For example killing a police officer or killing by a police officer; death by dangerous driving or dying from cancer caused by a polluting factory are just a few examples. Whilst some are labelled homicide, others are excused and justified (Lilly, Cullen Ball, 2007). According to constructionist theories, crime is in the eyes of the beholder, and the beholder is the law (Fitzgerald, 2011 p. 303). Constructionists argue that crime, criminal activity, and criminal law are dependent on time, place and culture (Fitzgerald, 2011). Friedman (1993) states that definitions of crime alter throughout time, meaning crime has no ontological reality because acts have been criminalized, decriminalized, and recriminalized (cited in Fitzgerald, 2011). From a social constructionist perspective, a given act or behavior such as abortion, domestic violence, race or ethnic bias becomes a social problem through a process of successful claims making by social movements or groups that lay forward a particular definition of a problem (Rosenfeld, 2009). Constructionist theories include labelling theory, social control theory, and critical theory (Fitzgerald, 2011). Labelling theory is concerned with what happens after an act is committed, and that deviance does not inherent in the act, but the reaction to it (Newburn, 2007). Essentially, the argument is that the criminal or deviant is an individual who has been labelled by society (Marsh Melville, 2006). According to Becker (1963) rules and criminal laws are made by people with power and dictated upon people without power (cited in Burke, 2009). The key perspective from the labelling theory is that many offenders do internalise their criminal labels and therefore a career in criminality arises as a result to societys reaction to them (Burke, 2009). However, labelling theorys central hypothesis has not been without critical analysis. Although conflict or radical criminologists agreed that crime was socially constructed and that labels were differently applied, radical theorists argued that the origins and application of criminal labels were influenced by inequities rooted in the structure of ca pitalism (Lilly, Cullen Ball, 2007). Radical theorists claim that differences in power determined that behaviours of the poor, but not those of the rich would be criminalized. Labelling theorists acknowledged that political interest and social disadvantaged influenced societal reaction, but they did not express the connection of the criminal justice system to the underlying economic order (Lilly, Cullen Ball, 2007). Labelling theory has also been criticised on the use of soft and hard deviance (Burke, 2009). Gibbs (1966) argues that hard deviance such as violent assault and burglary have always been universally condemned, and the deviant is fully aware that what they are doing is criminal but freely choose to commit such offence because it is profitable or exciting (cited in Burke, 2009). In this case it is argued that labelling is irrelevant. Social control theory, with its roots in a Marxist tradition marginalizes certain populations for social, economic and political elites to maintain order (Fitzgerald, 2011). Social control theory acknowledges that law-making is embedded in power relations, and those with access to power are likely to construct the law to suit their interests (Fitzgerald, 2011). In which offences committed by the powerful such as white-collar crime are disregarded as it is not in their interest (Fitzgerald, 2011). Reidel and Welsh (2008) claim that as long as society maintains the perception that the law is morally justified, social order is sustained and authorities hold the power (cited in Fitzgerald, 2011). Muraskin (1976) claims that the middle class were interested in the structure of criminal law (cited in Fitzgerald, 2011), in which Becker (1963) states that rules are made by the old for the young, by men for women, by whites for blacks and by the middle class for the working class (cited in Bu rke, 2009). Criminological theories have different ideas on the concept of defining crime, although it cannot be dismissed that crime is a social and ideological construct. Constructionist theories locate power in the ability to classify and label what behaviour is criminal. This has complications for policies as the definitions of crime are not self evident; but are embedded in power relations that implicate all human behaviours and all people (Fitzgerald, 2011). Word count- 1,163

Howard Gardner :: Essay papers, Education

Howard Gardner Howard Gardner is a Professor in Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. He also holds positions as Adjunct Professor of Psychology at Harvard University, Adjunct Professor of Neurology at the Boston University School of Medicine, and Co-Director of Harvard Project Zero. Among numerous honors, Gardner received a MacArthur Prize Fellowship in 1981. He has been awarded eighteen honorary degrees--including degrees from Princeton University, McGill University and Tel Aviv University on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the state of Israel. In 1990, he was the first American to receive the University of Louisville’s Grawemeyer Award in education. In 2000 he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. The author of eighteen books and several hundred articles, Gardner is best known in educational circles for his theory of multiple intelligences, a critique of the notion that there exists but a single human intelligence that can be assessed by standard psychometric instruments. During the past fifteen years, he and colleagues at Project Zero have been working on the design of performance-based assessments, education for understanding, and the use of multiple intelligences to achieve more personalized curriculum, instruction, and assessment. Most recently, Gardner and his colleagues have launched the Good Work Project. "Good Work" is work that is both excellent in quality and also exhibits a sense of responsibility with respect to implications and applications. Researchers are examining how individuals who wish to carry out good work succeed in doing so during a time when conditions are changing very quickly, market forces are very powerful, and our sense of time and space is being radically altered by technologies, such as the web.

Occupational Therapy In The Uk Health And Social Care Essay

This treatment of wellness demands will be based on Susan Como and structured in essay signifier, get downing with a brief debut to her and her household. Susan Como is a married 21 twelvemonth old adult female. As a kid she suffered minor afflictions ( eczema and Mumps ) which appear non to be prolonged or damaging to her long-run wellness so I am traveling to concentrate on her wellness from the twelvemonth 2000. In 2001 Susan suffered from repeated thorax infections which will non be disregarded as a minor affliction yet does non use in relation to the context of this treatment as it was many old ages ago and does non look to be afflicting her any more, although relentless unwellness can be a precursor to depression ( Fox, 2008 ) which she began enduring from after she gave birth to Billy in 2003. The gestation and birth caused no complications, nevertheless she was diagnosed with postpartum depression the same twelvemonth and has suffered from important clinical depression of all time since. Billy is now 4 old ages old and has been diagnosed with planetary developmental hold. Susan is married to Saul, whom she perceives herself to be really near to, although her household do non look to O.K. of him. Her hubby Saul works really long hours, and likes to pass the clip he is non working socialization and imbibing intoxicant, and provides her with really small in the manner of support, with respects to rearing. This makes Susan the primary health professional of Billy, and he has been described as â€Å" clingy † , the premise being that this term is used to intend excessively attached to his female parent and highly emotional and distressed at their separation. The forenoons Billy spends at baby's room are difficult for Susan as she finds it hard to make full her clip and delaies for him to return place once more. Billy is due to get down go toing full yearss at school shortly, which is traveling to give Susan even more clip to make full. Though at times her depression has been managed by medicine and cognitive behavioral therapy, Susan is presently sing an addition in depressive symptoms and is frightened she may go really badly once more due to the absence of Billy when he is at school all twenty-four hours. Susans wellness demands in relation to occupational therapy are traveling to be the chief focal point of this essay. It is historically logical that occupational therapy rules be applied to mental wellness jobs as that is where the foundations of occupational therapy as it is known today began. Elizabeth Casson ( 1881-1954 ) a outstanding figure in the debut of occupational therapy to the UK began with incorporating pattern into a residential unit for female psychiatric patients, Dorset House in Bristol. The first school of occupational therapy was attached to Dorset House which opened in 1930 ( Creek, 2008, pp.11-12 ) and all work within the field of occupational therapy in the UK stems from this ( Long & A ; Cronin-Davis, 2006 ) . Throughout the history of occupational therapy, there have been shifts in the manner it is taught, applied and theorised, with the focal point being on different paradigms. However, since the 1970 ‘s the focal point of occupational therapy has returned to its core belief: that business should be at the Centre of occupational therapy. ( Molineux, 2004 ) . Occupational therapy is defined by the World Federation of Occupational Therapists as â€Å" a client-centred wellness profession concerned with advancing wellness and good being through business † ( WFOT, accessed 08/10/10 ) . There are, nevertheless, many different definitions of occupational therapy and no individual definition to embrace all that occupational therapy does. The implicit in premise is that if people are given meaningful and purposeful businesss to make full their clip, it is contributing to a better province of physical and mental wellness, and a better quality of life. Definitions are debatable in themselves as they need farther definitions to clear up the term which they encompass, such as business. Wilcock ( 1998 ) defines business as â€Å" All purposeful human activity † , the focal point on this definition so inquiries what is meant by meaningful and purposeful? The activity must hold important significance for the client and be directed towards a end for the client that will help them in their day-to-day lives. A0TA ( 2002 ) expands this thought to integrate leting a client to heighten their occupational battle, intending to utilize the accomplishments they have in order to portion in an activity. In Susans instance, it would be unpointed giving her a ‘meaningless ‘ business such as doing a cup of tea, this would non profit her wellness or well-being at all as her unwellness does non forestall her ability to do a cup of tea. A more worthwhile business could be practising assertiveness or assurance, to talk up when she needs aid from her hubby. This would keep a batch more significance and intent to Susan. Occupational therapy focuses on spread outing the accomplishments the client already has and habilitating the accomplishments that would be good to their day-to-day lives and which they agree has great intent in their lives. Most definitions of occupational therapy focal point on the human usage of business. Occupational scientific discipline is the name given to the survey of worlds as occupational existences ( Yerxa, 2000 ) saying that worlds need to carry through businesss in their life. Wilcock ( 1993 ) outlined three major maps of business throughout history. These involved fulfilling immediate demands such as self-care and shelter, developing accomplishments and engineering to last ( against marauders, for illustration ) and keeping and developing the being. A theory linked to this thought is the 1 of temporal version. Creek ( 2003 ) negotiations about the issue of temporal version ( intending the manner people use their clip ) and the negative impact on the encephalon of non being meaningfully occupied. Harmonizing to this theory, if Susan does non do good usage of the clip she is entirely when Billy is at school and is merely sitting making nil, or waiting to pick him up as she has been, her ence phalon can steal into a province of confusion ; it will non be working as population norms would propose it should and could go forth her highly vulnerable to cognitive disfunction. As she has a history of depression and is already disquieted about her depression acquiring worse when Billy returns to school, Susan is at great hazard of this go oning therefore it is pertinent she should hold her occupational demands identified and addressed. Harries ( 2009 ) wrote an article about a adult female who suffered from anxiousness jobs. In relation to utilizing her clip efficaciously she negotiations of maintaining her head and organic structure stimulated in order to battle her anxiousness and stating that when she is non stimulated and there is non every bit much busying her head, the anxiousness can increase once more. Although Susan does non endure from anxiousness jobs, there could be some analogues between her depression and the anxiousness in this illustration ; symptoms of both app ear to increase with the deficiency of business. The deductions of this theory can non be to the full supported though ; although many people feel the demand to be active or occupied, this can non be generalised to all worlds. For illustration, speculation could be classed as non physically exciting the encephalon or carry throughing an activity as such yet it is considered both meaningful and purposeful. Occupational individuality involves how you see and separate yourself through the businesss in your life ( Kielhofner, 2009 ) . For illustration, if person plays tennis they may see their individuality as ‘a tennis participant ‘ . It can be assumed from the grounds stated that Susan views herself as a married woman, a girl, a grand-daughter, a female parent. As she does non look to hold any other close relationships and the familiarities she does hold go around around her boy and female parents of his friends, it can be assumed these occupational individualities are the chief 1s in her life. She does non look to hold any avocations or activities outside her place so her individuality is limited to strictly household relationships. Susan has identified the issue of non being able to make full her clip when Billy is at baby's room and her occupational individualities are non linked to involvement in any activities or businesss other than related to her household life. As he r hubby spends long hours working or socializing she does non even have much contact with any grownups in a societal manner and she spends a batch of her clip isolated with Billy. Social inclusion is a major factor in the country of mental wellness ; people enduring from mental wellness jobs are the most at-risk group for experiencing excluded from society and societal inclusion is by and large believed to better mental wellness and well-being ( LeBoutillier & A ; Croucher, 2010 ) . Social inclusion is defined as: â€Å" A virtuous circle of improved rights of entree to the societal and economic universe, new chances, recovery of position and significance and decreased impact of disablement † ( Sayce, 2000, p122 ) . Social exclusion has many deductions for occupational therapy, and occupational therapy can be instrumental in helping societal inclusion. Lack of meaningful businesss can take to societal exclusion, and societal exclusion can intend the person has a deficiency of resources to transport out their coveted businesss, due to occupational unfairness. Molineux ( 2004 ) negotiations of the construct of occupational justness ; intending entree to businesss, are non restricted in any manner to the person ; without societal inclusion, a individual may non hold certain engineering or resources to manus in order to carry through their coveted businesss. Activities of day-to-day life ( ADL ) mostly act as barriers to societal inclusion, such as self-care functions and modus operandis. If persons self attention is missing and they become unkempt, this may take to stigmatization of the person which may take to exclusion from any societal circle. If Susan focuses much clip or does non pass adequate clip on her self-care this could hold been a barrier to her societal inclusion. Occupational therapy could assist her recognize the demand to set or accommodate her self-care function in order to help in perchance spread outing her societal circle. Habits and modus operandis can besides be a barrier to societal inclusion, if person has a really rigorous modus operandi they may non be able to accommodate to a societal circle that have their ain functions and modus operandis which may hold clip struggles. Habits and modus operandis can besides be said to be a barrier to occupational balance. Occupational balance involves a healthy balance of ego attention, productiveness, leisure clip and rest/sleep ( Turner et al, 2002 ) . Susan spends the bulk of her clip with her boy Billy, or clean uping the house when he is at baby's room. She besides visits household members. The clip she spends with household and clean uping the house can be classed as productive in a sense, that in disburseme nt clip with her household she has achieved something ( she is non sitting at place merely ‘waiting ‘ to pick Billy up ) and it has kept her meaningfully occupied, although this is personal to Susan and other people may non see it really productive. Self attention, remainder and slumber are countries in which premises can non be drawn based on Susan, her medical notes and other information do non relay any cognition about these countries. However, leisure is one country in Susans life that is badly deficient and this could be interrupting her occupational balance. She spends her clip with Billy, household, or clean uping the house and waiting for Billy to return ; she has no personal avocations, involvements or mercantile establishments in which to impart her energies or balance against what she already does. However, occupational therapy is really much focused on client-centred pattern, intending a partnership between the healer and the client. An occupational healer wo uld necessitate to run an initial appraisal on Susan to reap whether she considers leisure activities to be meaningful and good although in this instance it could be assumed she would as she is worried about the province of her mental wellness when Billy starts traveling to school full-time. If she did non, or she considered seeing her household as leisure clip and felt she was balanced in the activities in her life this must be respected, as occupational therapy utilises a client-centred attack. Client-centred pattern involves a working partnership between healer in client to hold on wellness demands and intercessions together. For the healer to do all the determinations without affecting the client would be really bad pattern ( except in instances where the client is deemed to be unable to do determinations ; in which instance the healer still acts in the clients involvement ) . Physical inaction could besides be described as a wellness demand in this context ; aerophilic exercising has been found to better temper for people with depression in a short sum of clip ( Dimeo et al, 2001 ) . Blumenthal et Al ( 1999 ) found that a specific dosage of aerophilic exercising for patients with depression showed a decrease or complete remittal of depressive symptoms. This survey besides showed that the dosage of aerophilic exercising had the same rates of response and remittal as antidepressant medicine and cognitive behavioral therapy. Physical activity is shown to cut down depressive symptoms in people with depression so possibly the fact that Susan does endure from depression but does non acquire any physical exercising can refer to it being a wellness demand instead than an intercession. Physical inaction can increase the hazard of many wellness jobs such as bosom disease, shot, diabetes and certain malignant neoplastic diseases ( WHO, 2010 ) besides foregrounding i t as a specific wellness demand. Physical activity is besides a good manner to spread out your societal life and make full your clip which is a great manner to battle some effects of depression ( Williams, 2009 ) which could help in the other demands of Susan, such as her occupational individuality and occupational balance. In decision, the chief wellness demands of Susan involve her deficiency of societal activities and societal inclusion, her demand to make full her clip with meaningful businesss, physical inaction and possibly a support web outside of her household. There is a batch of support available for people with mental wellness jobs, or kids with particular demands outside of occupational therapy, such as MIND, a mental wellness charity in England ; DirectGov, a authorities tally association with many drivers, one being towards support for particular instruction demands where Susan could acquire a batch of rearing support and run into other parents in the same state of affairs, and rearing support groups for kids with larning troubles run by the NHS across the state, such as The Maze ( Extra Support For Families, 2010 ) . Aside from these national support webs, occupational therapy could be an highly good intercession to the wellness demands of Susan. NICE ( 2010 ) guidelines for the intervent ion of depression province that a structured programme of activities is recommended for persistent or mild to chair depression, either entirely or alongside other psychosocial intercessions. An appropriate theoretical account to use to utilize in measuring and working with Susan could be the Model of Human Occupation ( Kielhofner, 2008 ) which would look at Susans will ( how she feels about the businesss she undertakes ) , addiction ( how she regulates her modus operandis and forms of behavior, and the functions in which she sees herself ) and public presentation capacity ( how able Susan is to carry through her current and future businesss based on her organic structure and cognitive abilities ) . This along with the other administrations mentioned could turn to her wellness demands and aid to spread out her occupational individuality and better her occupational balance and quality of life.

The Compromise of 1850 Delayed the Civil War 10 years

The Compromise of 1850 Delayed the Civil War 10 years The Compromise of 1850 was a set of bills passed in Congress which tried to settle the issue of slavery, which was about to split the nation. The legislation was highly controversial and it was only passed after a long series of battles on Capitol Hill. It was destined to be unpopular, as just about every part of the nation found something to dislike about its provisions. Yet the Compromise of 1850 served its purpose. For a time it kept the Union from splitting, and it essentially delayed the outbreak of the Civil War for a decade. The Mexican War Led to the Compromise of 1850 As the Mexican War ended in 1848, vast stretches of land acquired from Mexico were going to be added to the United States as new territories or states. Once again, the issue of slavery came to the forefront of American political life. Would new states and territories be free states or slave states? President Zachary Taylor wanted California admitted as a free state, and wanted New Mexico and Utah admitted as territories which excluded slavery under their territorial constitutions. Politicians from the South objected, claiming that admitting California would upset the balance between slave and free states and would split the Union. On Capitol Hill, some familiar and formidable characters, including Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John C. Calhoun, began trying to hammer out some sort of compromise. Thirty years earlier, in 1820, the U.S. Congress, largely at the direction of Clay, had tried to settle similar questions about slavery with the Missouri Compromise. It was hoped that something similar could be achieved to lessen tensions and avoid a sectional conflict. The Compromise of 1850 Was an Omnibus Bill Henry Clay, who had come out of retirement and was serving as a senator from Kentucky, put together a group of five separate bills as an omnibus bill which became known as the Compromise of 1850. Clays proposed legislation would admit California as a free state; allow New Mexico to decide whether it wanted to be a free state or slave state; enact a strong federal fugitive slave law, and preserve slavery in the District of Columbia. Clay tried to get the Congress to consider the issues in one general bill, but couldnt get the votes to pass it. Senator Stephen Douglas became involved and essentially took the bill apart into its separate components and was able to get each bill through Congress. Components of the Compromise of 1850 The final version of the Compromise of 1850 had five major components: California was admitted as a free state.Territories of New Mexico and Utah were given the option of legalizing slavery.The border between Texas and New Mexico was fixed.A stronger fugitive slave law was enacted.The slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia, though slavery remained legal. Importance of the Compromise of 1850 The Compromise of 1850 did accomplish what was intended at the time, as it held the Union together. But it was bound to be a temporary solution. One particular part of the compromise, the stronger Fugitive Slave Act, was almost immediately a cause of great controversy. The bill intensified the hunting of slaves who had made it to free territory. And it led, for example, to the Christiana Riot, an incident in rural Pennsylvania in September 1851 in which a Maryland farmer was killed while trying to apprehend slaves who had escaped from his estate. Disassembling the Compromise The Kansas-Nebraska Act, legislation guided through Congress by Senator Stephen Douglas only four years later, would prove even more controversial. Provisions in the Kansas-Nebraska Act were widely disliked as they repealed the venerable Missouri Compromise. The new legislation led to violence in Kansas, which was dubbed Bleeding Kansas by the legendary newspaper editor Horace Greeley. The Kansas-Nebraska Act also inspired Abraham Lincoln to become involved in politics again, and his debates with Stephen Douglas in 1858 set the stage for his run for the White House. And, of course, the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 would inflame passions in the South and lead to the secession crisis and the American Civil War. The Compromise of 1850 may have delayed the splitting of the Union many Americans feared, but it couldnt prevent it forever. Sources and Further Reading Ashworth, John. Slavery, Capitalism, and Politics in the Antebellum Republic: Volume 1 Commerce and Compromise, 1820–1850. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.Hamilton, Holman. Prologue to Conflict: The Crisis and Compromise of 1850. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 2005.Waugh, John C. On the Brink of Civil War: The Compromise of 1850 and how it Changed the Course of American History. Books on the Civil War Era 13. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources Inc., 2003.

Indicating Possession in Spanish

Indicating Possession in Spanish Many of the structural details of the English language - the parts of speech, punctuation, and even the addition of s or es to make words plural - have correlating structures in Spanish. But one common structure - the addition of an apostrophe followed by an s  - to indicate possession  does not. So if you are going to indicate possession, whether literal or abstract,  in Spanish, here are three ways you can do it: Possessive Determiners Possessive determiners are often classified as a type of adjective, the equivalent of such English words as my and your. Like other Spanish adjectives, they need to match the noun they refer to in number and gender. Here are the possessive determiners of Spanish along with a sample sentence for each: Mi, mis (my, mine): Mi gato es muy peludo. (My cat is very hairy.)Tu, tus (your):  ¡Tus hijas y yo te necesitamos! (Your daughters and I need you!)Su, sus (your, his, her, their, ones): Su casa es su mayor inversià ³n. (Your  house is  your  biggest  investment.)Nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras (our):  ¿Hay limpieza à ©tnica en nuestro paà ­s? (Is there ethnic cleansing in our country?)Vuestro, vuestra, vuestros, vuestras (your): Me interesarà ­a saber ms sobre vuestro perro.  (I would be interested to know more about your dog. Vuestro and its forms are seldom used in most of Latin America.) Using De If you are using a name or noun to refer to the person or entity that is in possession, the prepositional phrase of de followed by the noun is used, as in el libro de Juan, Johns book. A few examples: Ver el perfil de Pablo. (See Pablos profile.)Él no cree en el movimiento de mujeres. (He doesnt believe in the womens movement.)Es la madre de la estudiante. (She is the students mother.) It similarly is possible to indicate possession by using de followed by a pronoun, such as in de à ©l, but such usage is uncommon except when the use of a determiner would be ambiguous in the context. For example, if su libro (his, her, your or their book) would be ambiguous, we could say el libro de à ©l or el libro de ella (his book or her book). Possessive Pronouns and Long-Form adjectives Less common are the long form of possessive adjectives, which may be used as pronouns. They also may be used as adjectives following the noun. As with the determiners, possessive pronouns and adjectives much the possessed items or persons in number and gender.  These forms are as follows: mà ­o, mà ­a, mà ­os, mà ­as (my, mine).  El coche  mà ­o  consume mucha gasolina. (My  car consumes much gasoline.tuyo, tuya, tuyos, tuyas (your, yours).  La cama roja es tuya.  (The red bed is yours.)suyo, suya, suyos, suyas (my, mine). Las computadoras eran suyas. (The computers were hers.)  nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras (our, ours). Los perros nuestros son muy diferentes. (Ours are very different.)vuestro, vuestra, vuestros, vuestras (your, yours; this plural familiar form is seldom used in Latin America). El regalo es vuestro. (The gift is yours.) Sample Sentences Showing Possession La casa mà ­a estaba toda quemada. Lo perdà ­ absolutamente todo. (My house was completely burnt. I lost absolutely everything. Mis pensamientos son los que me hacen sentir feliz o desgraciado. (My thoughts are what make me feel happy happy or miserable. Los retos de la vida son parte del viaje. (Lifes challenges are part of the journey.) La esposa del actor rompià ³ el silencio sobre los escndalos. (The actors wife broke her silence about the scandals.) la complejidad del ojo humano es increà ­ble. (The human eyes complexity is unbelievable.) En la creacià ³n de su imagen profesional, su actitud puede contribuir de forma positiva o negativa. (In the creation of your professional image, your attitude can contribute in a positive or negative way.) Su reputacià ³n puede sufrir ataques desde cualquier rincà ³n del mundo. (Ones reputation can come under attack from any corner of the world.)  ¿Cules son las diferencias tuyas con las otras candidatas? (What are your differences from the other candidates?) Ya se han muerto todas las esperanzas mà ­as. (All my hopes have died.) Era la ocasià ³n perfecta para explicar mis creencias. (It was the perfect time for explaining my beliefs.) Durante aquellos primeros aà ±os, la inteligencia de Einstein comenzà ³ a manifestarse. (In those early years, Einsteins intelligence began to show.)

Reading and Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading and Writing - Essay Example Intellectual abilities are essential in order to be an effective reader. Intellectual abilities like Clarifying purposes, formulating clear questions and distinguishing accurate and relevant information help in effective reading. Before beginning to read, a reader must clarify their purpose for reading a material or content. The content must be foretasted. During reading, a reader should check their understanding about the content and retreat in case if the understanding is poor. The pace at which the reader is reading content is also very important, according to the understanding and familiarity of their concept the speed should be adjusted. After completing the reading, a reader must be able to summarize the content to check if they have grasped the actual message of the author, all these will help the reader in understanding the matter exactly the way it was meant by the author. Questions also help us in better understanding. The more the questions are, the better the understanding is. Formulating good questions before you start reading will give a good depth and different dimensions of the content.

Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping (International Relations) Research Paper

Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping (International Relations) - Research Paper Example Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaopings international relations have been shaped by the order and progress of the international system- during Mao’s reign in 1949 to 1950s, China’s main concerns were war and revolution and the People’s Republic of China was opposed to the US led Imperialism by forming alliances with the Soviet Union (Cheng and Zhang 95). This partisan tactic was effective in promoting China’s continued existence, safety, autonomy and freedom. After the People’s Republic of China’s fall out with the Soviet Union, Mao was against both imperialism associated to the US and its supporters together with the Soviet Union led revisionists and as such, China’s international relations were informed by great suspicions and confrontations as opposed to the alliance and relationship. The China - US relationship at this time worsened as China was isolated and viewed as an erratic and backwards state by the US, unlike the Soviet Union whose re visionist strategy had confirmed it as a mature socialist state. Under these circumstances, China had to revise its â€Å"leaning on one side strategy† to â€Å"fighting with two fists† as it was opposed to both the US led imperialism and Soviet Union’s revisionism (Zhong 748-749). The US- Soviet Union collaboration led to the deterioration of China’s international relations with the Soviet Union, but with the conflict of interests between the two world powers - the US and Soviet Union, concerning the Vietnam War, China seized the opportunity to adjust its international relations with the US in retaliation to the Soviet Union’s military threat. This reconciliation was meant to unite all other countries against the Soviet Union’s expansion;  enhance China’s international relations with other countries (especially from the west); and cement China’s global position in the international society (Cheng and Zhang 98). Deng’s leadership of China falls partly

The changing law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The changing law - Essay Example This is illustrated in the manner that an impetus for change is met with either acceptance or reservation by the public to be directly affected, and the legal system who will implement such change. In this regard, this essay aims to discuss the manner that legal change proceeds in the British legal system to illustrate how legal changes are dynamically linked with the society at hand through the Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003. Anti-social behaviour is defined as a behaviour that is "capable of causing a nuisance or annoyance to another person", and "directly or indirectly relates to or affects the housing management functions of a relevant landlord" or that "consists of or involves using or threatening to use housing accommodation owned or managed by a relevant landlord for an unlawful purpose" (Anti-social Behaviour Act [2003] s.153A; s.153B). As a public offence, it has been dealt with by Common Law as public nuisance, considered as both a crime and a tort. Thus, given its potential to harm individuals and communities, and disrupt peace and order, it is of no surprise that the British government pays due attention to this problem by passing the Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003. Prior to 1996 and the Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003, anti-social behaviour is address... This was followed by the Noise Act (1996) and Protection from Harassment Act (1997) to address non-tenure behaviour; and Crime and Disorder Act (1998), which created the Anti-Social Behaviour Order as well as the Police Reform Act (2002) to increase local authorities' enforcement powers. Despite such comprehensive legislations and precedents, however, there are numerous problems that surround both the implementation of the law, on the part of authorities; and prevention of the problem, within the society. This is illustrated in a study conducted by the British Crime survey, where it was reported that except for nuisance and litter, the percentage of individuals perceiving anti-social behaviour as a serious disorder has been rising (cited in Hunter 2003). Furthermore, as evidenced by Nixon and Hunter's study (cited in Hunter 2003), the number of reported complaints for every 1,000 tenancies by housing landlords, has also risen from 1998 to 2003. In addition, there has also been a growing concern among intellectuals that the laws governing anti-social behaviour have the potential to conflict with human rights (Wright, H & Sagar, T 2000, 'Out of Sight, Out of Mind', NLJ, no. 150, p. 1792; Collins, D 2001, 'Anti-social Behaviour Orders - a new false dawn', NLJ, 15 June 2001). In contrast to the human rights argument, however, law enforcement officers and local authorities complain that there is not enough "bite" with the existing laws, such that they are prevented from persecuting offences by juveniles (Wookey v Wookey [1991] Fam 121), and persecuting offenders that persistently commit anti-social behaviour in the totality of their offence (Criminal Justice and Public Order Act [1994] s.5). All the aforementioned problems created a tremendous amount of pressure

Mac & Cheese Essay Example for Free

Mac Cheese Essay The article â€Å"Why Games are Good for You† by Steven Johnson presents reasons why electronic video games are not harmful. While other people have written and talked about the harms that video games bring to young people. , Steven Johnson argues just the opposite. He says that video games have many benefits including making us smarter. Steven Johnson begins his article by describing what the critics say about video games. First, they are a great waste of time says Dr. Spock. At their worst, they promote violent responses from children. The main argument about video games is that they take away from children reading. Then the author presents the reasons that reading is so good for people. However, the author then says that a lot of the criticism about video games is because they are being judged by old standards by people who believe reading is the main way for children to learn skills. He asks the reader to think of a world where video games came before books. Then he argues that the criticisms of books would look a certain way. The criticisms are the author’s way of showing benefits of video games, like they are three-dimensional, and they have strong visual images and sound. The user uses complex motor skills to navigate them. Also, he shows that the children interact with the games and can control what happens in them. Steven Johnson then shows that the arguments used against books in this made up situation are like the ones used for video games. They do not show the benefits of reading like using the imagination or the shared experience of reading the same story. The arguments against video games are limited also says the author. He says if you compare video games to books, then the games will not be judged well because the two are so different. Next, he talks again about the benefits of reading like concentration and making sense of words and meanings. After showing how reading brings many benefits, he then argues that some of the benefits of readings are found with video games. He says, â€Å"By almost all the standards we use to measure reading’s cognitive benefits—attention, memory, following threads and so on—the nonliterary popular culture has been steadily growing more challenging over the past thirty years† (485). Research is showing in the last few years that people who play video games regularly are gaining important skills. In fact, Steven Johnson argues that â€Å"Increasingly the nonliterary popular culture is honing different mental skills that are just as important as the ones exercised by reading books† (485). He provides examples of why he believes this. Steven Johnson does not agree with critics of video games who believe they are not only a waste of time for children, but can cause harm. Instead, he argues that video games provide many benefits and skills for children including motor skills, interaction with a narrative, a rich landscape of sounds and images and so forth. Other researchers are starting to agree that video games are providing some benefits. Steven Johnson believes that video games should be valued more, but he also suggests that reading is still important. The main point, though, is that parents and others should stop thinking that video games are all bad and appreciate the value they bring to the child.

Buddhism Essay -- Religion Buddha Essays

Buddhism Gautama Buddha, previously known as Prince Siddhartha (before his enlightenment) founded the religion of Buddhism. Gautama Buddha was born to Queen Maha-Maya at Kapilavastu, Nepal, Indian. Buddha taught and organized the Sangha, monastic orders, until his death at Kusinagara, at the age of 80. There are 308,000,000 Buddhist devotees in the world today. They believe that there has been Buddha before Him; Bodhisattvas who come as Saviors of all and that all beings are Buddha whether they realize it or not. There are 4 cardinal events in the life of Buddha that represents 4 major pilgrimage centers for Buddhists: His Birth at Kapilavastu, His Enlightenment at Bodhgaya, His First Sermon at Sarnath, and His Death at Kusinagara. There is a Gandhara style, frieze on stone, located in the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., that shows all 4 of these events. After Alexander the Great conquered Afghanistan, Pakistan and Kashmir, these areas, for the first few centuries, were not allowed to portray images of Buddha. However, the Gandhara style, of the late 2nd and early 3rd century AD, derives from the Hellenistic and Roman style, so appealing to the Western taste. The â€Å"Buddha Head†, Gupta style, 5th century AD of Sarnath shows the face’s combination of Buddha awareness and artistic style with its balance of all the features. The story of Buddha’s Divine Conception begins with the Future Buddha still in the heaven of the Tusita gods, where He decided to arise in the world. He was reminded, by deities, of his accumulated merit, saying to him â€Å"Attain in your next existence your high destiny† as He died. Then he was conceived in the womb of Queen Maha-Maya. At that very time during the Midsummer Festival, in the city of Kapilavastu, Queen Maha-Maya, feel asleep on the royal couch, and dreamed of four angels that came and lifted her up, couch and all, to the Himalayan Mountains, under a sal-tree. Wives of the guardian angels bathed her in Anotatta Lake, clothed her in divine garments and flowers and anointed her with perfumes. Then they laid her down upon a divine couch, in a golden mansion, at nearby Silver Hill. The Future Buddha had become a white elephant wandering about on Gold Hill. Upon reaching Silver Hill, he plucked a white lotus and went into the golden mansion and walked around his mother’s couch. Striking her on her side he ... ...intings blend into the environment. Such Confucian religious concepts of The Way are as follows: 1. T’IEN Heaven the way of spiritual trust and action. 2. TAO The Way the way things are and are meant to be. 3. JEN Goodness the way of dignity and generosity. 4. CHUN-TZU Gentleman the way of moral and spiritual etiquette. 5. LI Propriety the way things should be done. 6. TE Right Rule the way of government evokes respect. 7. WEN Peace Arts the way of music, poetry and painting. 8. HSIAO Filial Piety the way of family respect and loyalty. 9. CHUNG YUNG Harmony the way between extremes. Confucius died in 479 BC and was buried in a tomb at Shantung province where he was born. Beautiful stone rubbings have been made from his tomb and Temple of Confucius nearby depicting him in his scholar’s robes and his gentle demeanor. During his life and after his death, many alternatives to Confucianism developed. It is no wonder, no one in the history of China has achieved so much reverence and respect as Confucius. Buddhism Essay -- Religion Buddha Essays Buddhism Gautama Buddha, previously known as Prince Siddhartha (before his enlightenment) founded the religion of Buddhism. Gautama Buddha was born to Queen Maha-Maya at Kapilavastu, Nepal, Indian. Buddha taught and organized the Sangha, monastic orders, until his death at Kusinagara, at the age of 80. There are 308,000,000 Buddhist devotees in the world today. They believe that there has been Buddha before Him; Bodhisattvas who come as Saviors of all and that all beings are Buddha whether they realize it or not. There are 4 cardinal events in the life of Buddha that represents 4 major pilgrimage centers for Buddhists: His Birth at Kapilavastu, His Enlightenment at Bodhgaya, His First Sermon at Sarnath, and His Death at Kusinagara. There is a Gandhara style, frieze on stone, located in the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., that shows all 4 of these events. After Alexander the Great conquered Afghanistan, Pakistan and Kashmir, these areas, for the first few centuries, were not allowed to portray images of Buddha. However, the Gandhara style, of the late 2nd and early 3rd century AD, derives from the Hellenistic and Roman style, so appealing to the Western taste. The â€Å"Buddha Head†, Gupta style, 5th century AD of Sarnath shows the face’s combination of Buddha awareness and artistic style with its balance of all the features. The story of Buddha’s Divine Conception begins with the Future Buddha still in the heaven of the Tusita gods, where He decided to arise in the world. He was reminded, by deities, of his accumulated merit, saying to him â€Å"Attain in your next existence your high destiny† as He died. Then he was conceived in the womb of Queen Maha-Maya. At that very time during the Midsummer Festival, in the city of Kapilavastu, Queen Maha-Maya, feel asleep on the royal couch, and dreamed of four angels that came and lifted her up, couch and all, to the Himalayan Mountains, under a sal-tree. Wives of the guardian angels bathed her in Anotatta Lake, clothed her in divine garments and flowers and anointed her with perfumes. Then they laid her down upon a divine couch, in a golden mansion, at nearby Silver Hill. The Future Buddha had become a white elephant wandering about on Gold Hill. Upon reaching Silver Hill, he plucked a white lotus and went into the golden mansion and walked around his mother’s couch. Striking her on her side he ... ...intings blend into the environment. Such Confucian religious concepts of The Way are as follows: 1. T’IEN Heaven the way of spiritual trust and action. 2. TAO The Way the way things are and are meant to be. 3. JEN Goodness the way of dignity and generosity. 4. CHUN-TZU Gentleman the way of moral and spiritual etiquette. 5. LI Propriety the way things should be done. 6. TE Right Rule the way of government evokes respect. 7. WEN Peace Arts the way of music, poetry and painting. 8. HSIAO Filial Piety the way of family respect and loyalty. 9. CHUNG YUNG Harmony the way between extremes. Confucius died in 479 BC and was buried in a tomb at Shantung province where he was born. Beautiful stone rubbings have been made from his tomb and Temple of Confucius nearby depicting him in his scholar’s robes and his gentle demeanor. During his life and after his death, many alternatives to Confucianism developed. It is no wonder, no one in the history of China has achieved so much reverence and respect as Confucius.